Cystitis in medical practice is called an inflammatory process that develops in the bladder.It is common for cystitis to be exclusively female disease.But this is not true.Representatives of the strongest sex are also subject to the disease.About how the symptoms of cystitis are manifested in men and how to treat it correctly, and will be discussed in this article.
Anatomical information
The bladder is one of the main organs of the urinary system, designed to collect and remove urine.In the last process, the organ walls play an important role that have a muscular base, and thanks to this they can stretch.However, the bladder membrane is often injured or exposed to infectious agents.This leads to several diseases.The lower part of the bladder is called a neck.The urethra (urethra) leaves the neck.Two ureters flow to the top: channels through which urine comes from the kidneys.
Signs of cystitis in men
Acute cystitis feels, in the first place, with acute pain during urination, sometimes radiant in the rectum.Particularly a lot of pain is manifested at the beginning and end of the urine.In addition, cystitis symptoms include pain in the lower abdomen, in the pubis, regardless of urine, but with this process they intensify.The amount of urine issued can be extremely small (10-15 ml), however, the urgencies to urinate can reach several times in an hour.After the urine law, there is a feeling that the bladder is not completely empty.In addition, with cystitis, there are often signs such as urinary incontinence, imperative urine.The exacerbation of the disease is often accompanied by an increase in temperature, signs of body poisoning (discomfort, headache).
Other symptoms of cystitis:
- Urine color change,
- blood, mucus, pus or protein in the urine,
- The unpleasant smell of urine.
Often, with the disease, urine reflux occurs.This is the name of the process in which urine enters the ureters, and then to the kidneys, which leads to the disease with pyelonephritis.In the absence of treatment, acute cystitis becomes a chronic form.Chronic cystitis is characterized, in turn, exacerbations (approximately 2-3 times a year) replacing remission periods.During the remission, the symptoms of the disease practically do not appear.Interstitial cystitis is a serious form of chronic cystitis.With this variety of the disease, exacerbation occurs extremely often, and the patient has a constant pain in groin.
Diagnosis
In the presence of signs, with a high degree of probability indicating cystitis, it must communicate with a urologist.During the initial exam, the doctor usually examines the patient's genitals and examines the prostate gland with palpation in the anus.This allows you to establish or exclude the connection of cystitis in men with other diseases of the male genital organs.The diagnosis is carried out mainly by the general analysis of the urine.Cystitis can be determined due to the high content of leukocytes.Sometimes, a definition characteristic can be the presence of red blood cells, bacteria, epithelial and protozoa cells.Also done:
- General and biochemical blood analysis,
- Urine analysis by nechiporenko,
- Sow urine to identify an infectious agent.
A study for a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is carried out if there is a suspicion of a sexually transmitted infection.The bladder uzi is ineffective, since it requires full bladder, and with a given disease, the patient cannot be filled.However, the ultrasound of the kidneys and the prostate can be useful, since they help identify concomitant diseases.Procedures such as cystoscopy, urodynamic study, urooflowography (high -speed urine parameters study through urethra), MRI is carried out.Cistoscopy is an endoscopic type of examination.It helps identify stones and neoplasms in the bladder, as well as to take a biopath for analysis.Cystitis should be differentiated from diseases such as bladder tumors and prostate gland.
Cystitis: What is for men?
Cystitis is an inflammatory disease, which consists of irritation and damage to the bladder walls.Cystitis is actually women are more likely to suffer.Approximately 2-3 of 10 representatives of fair sex, at least once in a life, suffer this disease.For male representatives, only 1% have cystitis in any way.In most cases, these are men over 45.The difference in the frequency of diseases between the sexes is explained by the physiological differences in the structure of their genitourinary organs.First, men have a very long and sinuous urethra.But the walls of the urethra are an extremely difficult obstacle for pathogenic microorganisms, since immune cells are active in them.In addition, in the male body, the urethra hole is far from the anus, therefore, it is practically excluded into the pathogenic microflora channel of the anus.
However, the infection can enter the bladder not only from the outside through the urethra.In some cases, cystitis in men is a consequence of kidney or prostate diseases.In general terms, cystitis does not always have an infectious nature.However, if we are talking about infectious cystitis, most of the time it is bacterial cystitis, less frequently, fungal.Even less frequently, cystitis is caused by multicellular parasites.Very often, infectious cystitis occurs as a result of the action of E. coli (80%).The causal agents of the disease can also be:
- Pseudomonal stick,
- Staphylococcus,
- Proteus,
- Gococcus,
- Chlamydia
- Trichomonades,
- Mycoplasma.
Cystitis can be a complication of tuberculosis
The infectious cystitis caused by Trichomonas, Chlamydia, Mycoplasmas, Gococci, Koch Sticks, is called specific.And non -specific cystitis is a disease caused by conditionally pathogenic bacteria that are constantly amplified in the body.The rare varieties of cystitis are those caused by purple, actinomycosis and schistosomosis.The path that pathogenic microorganisms fall into the bladder can be different.Depending on this, cystitis is divided into descending, ascending, lymphogen and hematogen.The upward option of infection (of the urethra) in male patients is quite rare.Cystitis in men is usually down (in the case of renal infection), as well as hematogenous and lymphogenic.There are also cystitis of a non -infectious nature.Can be caused:
- Diagnostic operations or procedures in the bladder;
- Radiation effect on the body, for example, with radiotherapy of the prostate gland;
- Bladder lesions for foreign bodies, for example, stones;
- The chemicals that are excreted in the urine and cause irritation of the mucous membrane of the bubble.
In addition, cystites are divided into primary and secondary.In the first case, the disease begins on its own, directly in the bladder.In the second cystitis it is caused by other pathological processes in the body.Secondary cystitis, in turn, are divided into cystitis of intra -uffic and extraordinary origin.For example, stones in the bladder and the neoplasms of this organ are intracular causes, and the diseases of other organs (prostate adenoma, pyelonephritis) are extracurricular.If the inflammation area is the urinary triangle, then said cystitis is called trigonite.In addition, depending on the location of inflammation, cervical and diffuse cystitis are secreted.With cervical cystitis, only inflammation in the bladder's neck is observed.The diffuse form of the disease is manifested in the inflammation of the entire wall of the organ.Depending on how much the bubble wall is reached, the following forms of cystitis are distinguished:
- Catarrhal,
- hemorrhagic,
- cystic,
- ulcerative,
- FLEGMON,
- gangrenous.
The lighter shape, which affects only the superficial layers of the walls, is catarrhal.In the case of the gangrenous form, the pathological process leads to the necrotic walls.To determine the degree of disease, cystoscopy is used with posterior biopsy.Factors that contribute to the appearance of cystitis in men:
- body hypothermia;
- Immunity reduction;
- stress;
- Conscious delayed urine, strange emptying of the bladder;
- kidney diseases, prostate;
- not complement with personal hygiene rules;
- diseases accompanied by the appearance of infection spotlights (tonsillitis, sinusitis, furunculosis, dental diseases, etc.);
- column injuries;
- diabetes mellitus;
- Alcohol abuse
Cystitis complications can be cabycists (inflammation of the tissues that surround the bladder), pyelonephritis, bladder wall sclerosis, drilling of the bubble walls, inflammation of the kidneys (as a result of the bubble reflux reflux).
Treatment of cystitis
The treatment is carried out, as a rule, at home.An direction to a hospital in acute cystitis is possible if a hemorrhagic or gangrenous form of the disease is developed or acute urinary retention is observed.Cystitis treatment methods are mainly medications.Although other techniques can be used, for example, physiotherapy (UHF, electrophoresis, ultrasound, magnetic therapy and laser, dirt), rinse of the bladder with antimicrobial effects.If the disease is accompanied by high temperature, then the patient needs to rest in bed.The union of heat to the groin area is shown (with the exception of hemorrhagic and tuberculous cystitis).
An important element of treatment is a diet.The patient is contraindicated in salty, fatty, fried, acute and acidic foods, alcohol.On the other hand, it is necessary to consume more diuretics.Many vegetables and fruits have such properties: watermelon, melon, cherries, cucumbers.Apple fruits, blueberry and tongueberry are also recommended: the anti -adhesive properties of the bladder mucous membrane increase, that is, it makes it difficult to fix bacteria to the walls of the bubble.Phytocha and Lingonberries have undoubted benefits.It is important not to forget an abundant drink: the patient must drink at least 2 liters of pure water per day.During the exacerbation of cystitis, it is recommended to abandon smoking.Surgical treatment is used in the case of gangrenous cystitis, chronic cystitis caused by prostate adenoma.
Medicine for the treatment of male cystitis
Pharmacological therapy can be ethiotropic or symptomatic.Ethiotropic therapy aims to counteract pathogenic organisms: disease pathogens.The objective of symptomatic treatment is to relieve unpleasant symptoms: pain and spasm.If the cause of the disease is a bacterial infection, then a course of taking antibiotics is needed.Most of the time used drugs of the fluoroquinolone group. The duration of admission is usually a week.Before choosing an antibiotic therapy scheme, it is necessary to carry out a study on the type of pathogen and its resistance to antibiotics.Preparations with vegetable anti -inflammatory and antibacterial components, grass -covered grass, a decoction of San Juan's horsed and herb coil are also often used.Another class of medications used for the disease are antispasmodics that help relieve spasms and caused by pain.To reduce pain and inflammation symptoms, NSAIDs are also used.With severe pain, novocaine blocks are used.It is also recommended to take vitamins, to increase the resistance of the infection body.
Prevention
The fact that men rarely suffer cystitis does not mean that representatives of the strong half of humanity should not be maintained in the minds of the appearance of this disease, not only very unpleasant and significantly reducing the quality of life, but also potentially deadly in the absence of adequate therapy (of gangrenous cystitis, for example, Emate Pedro I).However, preventive measures are simple: it must monitor personal hygiene, immunity level, avoid hypothermia, go regularly to the bathroom, avoid urinary stagnation, cure infectious diseases over time that they can create infection spotlights: sinusitis, pulpites and amordazos, regularly visit the urologist and Andrologists.